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#Package.json caret install#It’s a good practice and safe to replace caret(^) with tilde(~) so that you make sure there are no breaking changes introduced in future UI builds where we run npm install before executing our build command, Moreover with tilde (~) we get bug fixes patched over minor version of package we use. When you hit npm install -save by default the latest stable version prefixed with caret (^) is introduced in your package.json. #Package.json caret Patch#PATCH version is updated when there are bug fixes on top of minor patch release. MINOR version is updated when there are minor feature changes that have full backward support and are safe to use. This is like a fragile label on your travel luggage, Handle with care □ MAJOR version is updated whenever there are major api changes in package which are non backward compatible. It is a numbering convention which every npm package has to follow, using which they release breaking, non-breaking changes and bug fixes to the world.Įvery package is versioned in 3 parts (eg. This term is associated with Semantic Versioning(semver) of a package. #Package.json caret upgrade#I can run an interactive upgrade tool that is bundled with yarn that gives me the option to pick all versions I want to bump to latest.It is advisable to pick latest stable version most of the times, but possibly your project might not be compatible with latest version, in that case you need to hunt for a compatible MAJOR version. #Package.json caret update#There is a simple command to also update the package.json when upgrading packages through the terminal with yarn. Manually having to bump and commit every single package change is extremely tedious. The reason the caret has been added to the package version number is to save time. So next time you install this project you will get version 7.3.1 because that is the "locked" one even though it has a lower version in the package.json. Let's say you have a package.json file with this reference: The first thing you may notice as odd about this reference is the caret. Now look at the package version, we find some numbers separated by three dots (e.g. Because the lock file is the only one that matters it doesn't make any difference in practice. When we open our package.json file and search for dependency property and in there we find the packages that are listed as a nested object of the dependency property package-name:package-version. This is where yarn upgrade and npm update differ, the first only updates the lock file while the latter updates both the lock file and package.json. It's actually what is set in the yarn.lock that is the "truth" because the project should be locked to these exact versions. ![]() As mentioned above this is all by design and okay because it's not a MAJOR version bump, and they are both equivalent. This means that yarn.lock can actually have a version of 7.3.1 of a package while package.json has it set to ^7.2.0. The yarn.lock is a huge file that contains the complete dependency tree of all currently installed packages in your project. On the other hand eslint-plugin-react-hooks is multiple versions behind the latest but the wanted version is still the current one. If you want to dig deeper into the prepending you can read more here.Īs you see in the above image eslint is currently on 7.2.0 and the wanted version is 7.3.1. So in this case version ^7.2.0 can be upgraded to 7.3.1 but not to 8.0.0 for example. Npm packages are using Semantic Versioning (semver) so a MAJOR version is a bump that is changing the first number of the version. This means that we can upgrade to all upcoming versions of that package as long as it is not a MAJOR update. Before presenting a solution let's explain a bit why it works like this.Īs default when you install an npm package with yarn add the version of that package in package.json is prepended with a caret, like ^7.2.0. This is usually not a big problem because you have a file called yarn.lock in your root directory that keeps track of all your installed versions but if you are a perfectionist like me, you also want the package.json file to reflect what versions used in the project. ![]() Something that those coming from using npm update finds out is that the yarn equivalent doesn't update the package.json with the new versions. It updates all packages to their latest backwards-compatible version. Updating dependencies in an npm project is pretty straight forward and easy to do with the command yarn upgrade. ![]()
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